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A comprehensive understanding of hydrological processes is currently essential for effective water management in the Abbay basin.Ībdelkader AM, Cooper AJ, Dryfe RAW, Kinloch IA (2015) How to get between the sheets: a review of recent works on the electrochemical exfoliation of graphene materials from bulk graphite. Although Egypt and Sudan are resisting the efforts to incorporate the other upstream riparian’s within the negotiations, they have to understand that the river and its management must be advanced from a regional viewpoint. The development of GERD within the Abbay river by Ethiopia has a positive impact on downstream countries because it provides electricity, regulates the flow, controls flood, and reduces the cost of reservoir maintenance in downstream dams. Even though, the standard water program has been developed, the riparian states haven't entirely approved it due to current and projected water needs, conflict of interest, little data, and lack of mutual aid. The variety of hydrological processes within the Abbay basin makes it challenging to implement a standard plan that could be applied for overall riparian states. Egypt’s hydrological hegemony on the Abbay river is reversed from the dominance of one state to the equitable and benefit-sharing of the transboundary river. However, the starting of the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) brought deviation. Ethiopians are constructing the dam over the river Abbay by their source of finance and people for ensuring their capacity and the moral issue of the people. For the last 40 years, the two nations haven't experienced such resistance. This controversy has brought disagreement between Ethiopia, Egypt, and Sudan but mainly the tensions between Egypt and Ethiopia are running high. On the opposite side, Ethiopia, contributing about 86% of the flow has not been benefited from the river.
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Egyptians said that Abbay is the primary water resource and their lifeblood and desires to continue their power on the Abbay basin. This review was done by searching and reviewing of papers published in reputable journals (peer reviewed and open access) focused on Abbay Basin, GERD and transboundary rivers. This paper aimed to review the hydropolitics of Abbay/Blue Nile, its challenges, opportunities, and also the impacts of constructing the GERD over the riparian states (Ethiopia, Egypt, and Sudan). Even though the river is shared by 11 countries, the use is principally dominated by Egypt in the last decades. The conflict over the Abbay River mainly occurred between Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan. The hydropolitics over the Abbay basin has a long history of hydrologic hegemony by Egypt.